Scaling Duolingo, embracing failure, and insight into Latin America’s tech scene | Gina Gotthilf

[00:00] Communication is constantly underrated and communication isn't about being able to convey a message. It's about being able to convey a message in a way that the listener receives it and understands it and remembers it. And that's really hard to do. One of the things I've helped employ at Duolingo that I think is still there today, it's definitely not just me, it was an amazing team, is a unique voice. And what that means is like not just another language learning app where we give you instructions and you follow directions. There is always a quirk, like it's unexpected. [00:30] bit funny doesn't take ourselves too seriously and it makes the person receiving this message feel something and it's about how you make people feel and you feel like either you giggle or you're like wait what they just did what you know and using that to your to your benefit today my guest is Gina Godhill Gina's most known for leading growth and marketing at Duolingo helping take them from 3 million to over 200 million users primarily through organic and non-paid growth channels [01:00] which we explore in depth. She also worked on the Mike Bloomberg presidential campaign, where she oversaw a historic digital ad budget, [01:07] and she shares learnings from that experience. She also led growth in community for Tumblr in Latin America. Currently, she is the co-founder and COO of Latitude, which is a company dedicated to helping build the next generation of iconic tech startups in Latin America. In our wide-ranging conversation, Gina shares a ton of new insights and tactics on how Duolingo grew early on, how they grew today, and most interestingly, what they did to become one of the very rare

[01:37] and career has an A side and a B side. Also why PR and brand are way underappreciated by most startups. She shares a bunch of stories of failed experiments and also some of her biggest wins. Also why Latin America is so interesting right now as a hub for startups and for innovation. Also there's a bit of philosophy sprinkled in and a bunch of real talk. This was such a fun conversation. Gina is delightful. I am excited for you to learn from her. With that I bring you Gina [02:07] our sponsors. [02:08] You fell in love with building products for a reason. But sometimes the day-to-day reality is a little different than you imagined. Instead of dreaming up big ideas, talking to customers, and crafting a strategy, you're drowning in spreadsheets and roadmap updates, and you're spending your days basically putting out fires. A better way is possible. Introducing Jira Product Discovery, the new prioritization and roadmapping tool built for product teams by Atlassian. [02:38] ideas and insights in one place and prioritize confidently, finally replacing those endless spreadsheets. Create and share custom product roadmaps with any stakeholder in seconds. And it's all built on JIRA, where your engineering team is already working, so true collaboration is finally possible. Great products are built by great teams, not just engineers. Sales, support, leadership, even Greg from finance. Anyone that you want can contribute ideas, feedback, and insights

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[04:45] Thank you for inviting me. [04:46] Really appreciate that. I'm more excited to have you on the podcast. [04:49] And I know you just came off hosting a massive event somewhere in Latin America. I think you had 5,000-something people. You had Ben Horowitz. [04:58] Keynoting. [04:59] And I wanted to start with the talk you gave [05:02] I think you described it as people having this A side and B side to their life, kind of like a record has an A side and a B side. [05:08] So could you just... [05:09] Share this. What was this conference? [05:11] And then two... [05:12] Kind of just briefly share this concept as much as you can. [05:15] For sure. And thanks for that, Lenny. Look, I think [05:18] For us, for those of us here in the US, I became an American last year. I love the US. I've been here for 19 years. It's hard to imagine just how much is going on south of the border. There's actually 660 million people living across Latin America, and it's an economy of $6 trillion. And Brazil is a huge market just in terms of sheer size, over 200 million people, and also in terms of where the ecosystem is. [05:48] sure if they are Latin American because we speak Portuguese. And so the future of the region really matters to me. And helping people get the opportunities that I've had in terms of access to information and resources that could help them build scalable, very successful startups. [06:05] can really change the economy across the board. I believe in that much more than I believe in government and whether we're gonna vote this guy or that guy next. And so that's sort of the impetus for the company. The conference was a conference put together by my company. I'm a co-founder, we're three, Brian, Uri and I. We put this conference together to bring together the top entrepreneurs, operators and investors

[06:27] across Latin America, but also people who are interested in investing in the region, of which there are more and more here in the U.S. and abroad. More than 5,000 people came. We had over 70 speakers. It was across two days. We had amazing people like Ben Horowitz, who never gave a talk or did a fireside specifically for and about Latin America and the opportunity. But we also had incredible founders who you, in terms of U.S. operators, may not be as familiar with. [06:57] Latin America. So the founder of RAPI flew down from Miami for that. And then we had, you know, VCs, [07:03] from a lot of the top names that you've heard here in the region as well. And then a lot of unicorns, we've had a lot of unicorns in the region, so they were all there. And the idea was to share learnings along the way, successes and failures, so that people can skip by not making the same mistakes as others. And I was asked to open both days. And then the first day, the opening talk that I ended up giving was this concept that I really like, which is the A side and the B side of a story. [07:30] which is that if you are old like me, and maybe you Lenny, I think we're similar age, you remember what a CD or like, or what a, what a, what a mixtape was like, and we had the A and the B side. We are very encouraged in our lives, especially professionally to talk about our A sides all the time, because [07:47] That's what impresses people. That's what opens doors. That's what allows us to keep growing. And it's so important. So it means that a lot of what you hear in podcasts and on stage ends up being the Instagramable version of someone or a company or a country's trajectory. It's just the highlights.

[08:17] hoping them scale out in America. [08:19] Andreessen Horowitz invested in my company, etc. But between all of those highlights, there were so many B moments that get sort of like shoved under the rug because it's just easier for me and it's more impressive for others. But I really like to highlight those because... [08:35] I think that most of us have a lot of B moments every day, every week, every month, and every period of our lives. And it's easy to think that things are just not going to work out for us because we're in one of those B moments if we don't recognize them as moments. [08:47] And the story I ended up telling was how much like I have these A and B sides that I don't talk about my B sides so much, Latin America also has A and B sides because it's really easy to focus on like, it's dangerous, like we're behind, the governments are a mess, there's like financial insecurity. [09:04] But there's a lot of A side in there. And a lot of the A side is the opportunity we have in terms of tech, because in terms of percentage of GDP that tech occupies compared to other markets, it's very promising. We're at like one third of India, one 10th of China, one 30th of the United States, meaning that like, [09:22] tech companies can grow a lot so that they occupy that space in the GDP, in terms of the GDP, which is believable. So that was the concept of the talk and the reason for this conference. [09:33] I love this concept. [09:35] We're going to talk, as you expected, about a lot of your A-side stuff. [09:38] Is there any example of a B-side [09:42] story of your life that would be interesting to share? Look, I think those are the most interesting because they're funny or ridiculous, you know? But I'll just say that I had a lot of B-sides and I still do. For example, I had no idea what I wanted to do. I actually wanted to be an actress. I either wanted to be that person in SeaWorld who goes like this with a dolphin, this is before SeaWorld was cancelled, or

[10:05] or I wanted to be an actress. But then my parents convinced me that I was probably not going to succeed because the odds weren't in my favor. I applied to schools. I didn't get into any Ivy League. I didn't get into any of the top schools I wanted to go to. [10:18] When I got to college, I actually ended up dropping out because I got so depressed, like [10:23] incredibly depressed, couldn't get out of bed depressed. Ironically, I dropped out of Reed College, which is the same college that Steve Jobs dropped out of. So, you know, I was just destined for greatness. I knew it at that moment. - It all makes sense looking backwards, as he said. - Totally. I was dropping out being like, "Yes, this is exactly the path." No, I was miserable. I thought there was no path forward. [10:44] And when I finally went back and graduated, the college counselor looked at my curriculum and said, what have you even done with your life? There's nothing to show for. And it was shocking because I was always like the overachiever who wanted to do the maximum curriculum and ace all of my classes and do whatever. You know, like I did three diplomas in high school, the international, the American, the Brazilian. [11:14] it's about being able to tell a story and it's about understanding what other people perceive as valuable. I'm not talking about net value, but I'm talking about if you want to grow in the world, it's understanding that psychology of how humans react to what you're showing them. So that was one lesson. But then I went on to, you know, I applied to a hundred companies. I didn't hear back from most of them. I finally got an internship at kind of like a tier B slash C

[11:44] because I wanted to live in New York so badly. And they forgot to apply for my visa on time, so I lost my visa and had to go back to Brazil. And then I ended up leaving that organization to go work for another one. And I won't even go into the details of [11:59] the shadiness of that company that I worked for, but then they ended up laying me off. So I lost my visa again, had to go back home, found another opportunity, got fired that time. So there's just a lot of rockiness in my start that I don't think you would imagine when you see someone up on stage, like leading a conference for 5,000 people that I think is important. And even when I started working for Tumblr, I was like, this is it. [12:22] "I made it, this is a really interesting company, "this is gonna work out." That was super rocky because it was an early stage startup. So for example, they couldn't figure out how to wire money to Brazil, so I was not paid for six months. And at one point, me and my colleagues were trying to get money out of the teller to pay [12:38] contractors because we had no money to pay them. And we borrowed money from people. And finally, they also laid me off because they decided to sell to Yahoo. And then I had to figure out, like, what am I going to do? No one's going to hire me. I've been fired and laid off so many times. So this is all before I started an agency to help US-based tech companies and startups grow in Latin America, because I figured I was in this really great place to make that happen. And it eventually worked for well-known companies such as Duolingo. At the time, [13:08] little startup they didn't have an Android app and that's how I started working with Duolingo because [13:13] their head of marketing connected with someone they had worked with at Flickr and said, I noticed Tumblr grew a lot in Brazil last year. Can you recommend like a company or an agency to help? And they said, this girl. And I was...

[13:25] 26. And so they can, that's how they connected me with Duolingo. And I started helping them grow in Brazil as a consultant. They were like, this is great. Can you help us grow in Chile, Argentina? [13:34] And I was like, yes, they were like, how about Mexico? And I was like, yes, you know, I did. I know anything about these places, Lenny, that I know people there. No, but like you can figure it out. And then they ended up asking me to come on full time, do that across the world, Japan, China, Korea, Turkey, Spain, France, et cetera. And then to own growth, which ended up meaning, [13:54] communication, social media, government partnerships, anything to grow. And then a lot of, and then eventually became an AB testing growth engine with engineers and PMs and designers, of which I knew nothing about. And, you know, even after that, like, [14:10] I left Duolingo five years later, didn't know what to do with my life. You'd think, oh, wow, you have it figured out. Now you left Duolingo. You have the world in front of you. And I'm like, [14:18] "Maybe I can finally go work for non-profits," which is what I actually wanted to do in the first place. [14:24] try to hand it that, like had a couple of experiences before going to work for the Mike Bloomberg campaign. Working for the Mike Bloomberg campaign is impressive, but you know what? Mike Bloomberg didn't win. He's not the president. So that was not a successful campaign, you know, if you really look at it. And yeah, Latitude seems like it's a really promising path. [14:43] But there's A days and B days. So it's just a lot of that and just staying resilient and believing in yourself and [14:50] getting back on the horse when you fall on your face. [14:53] Amazing. That's such an important message. I think one of the threads from what you're describing, something that I think about a lot is,

[14:59] People kind of underestimate how long their career is. [15:01] There's just so much time to do stuff and for things to start to work. [15:05] This is going to sound really fancy, but I think Marcus Aurelius has this quote about how [15:09] Our life is actually very long. We just use it really badly. [15:12] And we just waste a lot of our time. [15:14] I think you're so right, Lenny. And I love that because people are going around being like, life is short, life is short. [15:18] But that's so true. We waste so much time. But also, I think we don't we don't recognize how much opportunity we have in front of us. And as a 26 year old, I definitely thought my career was over. You know, I was like, I blew it. [15:31] And like looking back, it's funny, you know? Yeah, I know exactly what you mean. Like I spent nine years at my first job. [15:38] at a random company in San Diego in a startup [15:40] I was like, what am I doing here so long? And then it turned out that was really useful for the thing I did next. And then eventually, wow, things started to really take off. [15:48] So I think that's a really good lesson for people, just [15:50] It was a long time. Like, this is my fourth career. I was... [15:53] I've switched careers many times. I was an engineer, then I was a founder, then I was a product manager, and now I'm whatever this is, whatever you call this thing. [16:01] Okay, cool. [16:02] Yeah. I guess me too. I was an operator. I was a consultant. [16:07] Well, I was an employee. I was a consultant. Then I was an operator, which is a fancy way to say employee at a startup. And then now I'm a founder and a VC and an angel. And whatever this is. [16:19] Awesome. Awesome. So I think I think that's a really important takeaway is just there's a lot of time to do stuff and don't stress if things aren't moving as fast as you want. [16:27] I want to try to bounce around between A-side and B-side in this conversation. That'd be a cool framework.

[16:31] And so we're going to definitely talk about Duolingo and a little bit more about Latin America. [16:36] I wanted to touch on this mic... [16:37] Mike Bloomberg story. So what I understand from your experience there is [16:42] you deployed a historic amount of money into paid ads as a part of that campaign [16:46] I'm just curious what you learned from [16:49] running paid ads at that scale for campaign or just broadly. [16:53] So, we deployed historic amounts of money in the campaign. It wasn't me, Gina, personally. [17:00] I think that's important to share. My Bloomberg presidential campaign was spending roughly a million dollars a day, which is crazy. You can do a lot with a million dollars a day. It's good to be Googled. [17:12] It's good to be Google, but yes, it's good to be Facebook. I'll share, you know, what I think is most useful here and also what my experience ended up being, which is, you know, [17:23] They brought together a lot of great talent from across the US, especially in terms of tech. This is an organization called Hawkfish that they started working with. Basically, he created it. I don't know. It was embedded in there. [17:37] There were a lot of us who had large egos and had been like sharks in our previous organizations who had to figure out how to come together and work. And in a very short amount of time, that was a very interesting experience because it's hard to do that. It's not just important to be great and smart, but it's also important to understand how to most effectively deploy technology. [17:59] your resources and talent across an organization. And that sort of takes a little bit of time to happen. And for a presidential campaign, that's, you know, I find that very hard to do from that one experience.

[18:11] That said... [18:12] It also meant that when you're looking at the paid ads and the fact that we were deploying this massive amount of money, there were a lot of cooks in the kitchen when it came to figuring out exactly what we were going to do with those ads and like how we were going to target them and what are the campaigns we're going to run and what's the copy and what's the design. [18:28] And after, you know, maybe a few days there, I realized that my... [18:34] my best bet in terms of actually adding value was not to be another cook in the kitchen trying to figure that out, but to move into the next step of the journey, which nobody was paying attention to, which is once you click on an ad, you land somewhere, [18:49] And then whatever happens there is super important, because if people then take the action you want them to take on that landing page or don't is definitive. But everyone spends all of their effort and money on the ads. And I think that this is true of almost everything. We forget to think about the step by step and growth and what that experience looks like. And even just the second or third screen. [19:09] in an experience. [19:10] are as if not more important than the first one, because that's where your quote unquote leaky buckets can happen. So if you're able to 2X the effectiveness of a landing page, you are able to like actually in a compounded way, [19:23] increase the effectiveness of that first ad. So I spent a lot of time kind of going rogue and figuring out how to make landing pages because like the designers and the copywriters were all allocated to the actual ad. [19:36] So I was just there being like, I'm going to do copywriting and design and figure out, you know, how we can how we can increase these conversion rates. And the cool thing about that level of.

[19:46] dollar deployment is that you're able to reach statistical significance very quickly. [19:50] Whereas in a company like Duolingo, where you already have a lot of users and you can reach statistical significance on an A/B test within two weeks, at the Mike Bloomberg presidential campaign on a landing page, we could see that three times a day. So like four times a day. So I would be able to do something and be like, oh, wow, this test has 3% conversion rate. [20:08] And then like, [20:09] get approval for a new version and deploy it and then be like, "Okay, we're at 6% now." And then actually improve three to... There was one day where I brought one page from three to 12% conversion rate with statistical significance. So that's, I think, the biggest benefit of having those dollar amounts. I think the drawback, and that's the same for startups that have a lot of money to spend, is you start going a little wild in terms of like, "Oh, the world's our oyster, we can do whatever we want." And you [20:35] lose sight a little bit about [20:37] effectiveness, which is where growth is so magical. [20:40] What was that change on the landing page you did that increased conversion so much, do you remember? None of this is going to blow anyone's minds, I think, because it's very best practices. But it's easy to overlook when you're so focused on so many different steps of a process. The first one is making it mobile optimized. So people who are working are working on their computers, on desktop computers, even today. We forget that most people are looking at pages on our phones. And that has been the case for a while, and I think it's just increasing. So you need to make sure that that experience of looking at something on your phone, whatever your phone is, [21:10] Thank you. [21:10] is great. [21:11] And what that means is, from a landing page perspective, super simple. First, the core copy, the message, and button need to be above the fold. Or if you're not going to keep the button above the fold, which I still recommend, but if you're not going to do that for whatever reason, then you need to have a very clear indicator that there's something to scroll towards on your page. The second thing applies to both desktop and mobile is people skim.

[21:39] And copywriters don't like to believe that much, like journalists don't like to believe that people just read headlines. It's just how it is. People are busy and lazy, myself included. So you can write all of this beautiful messaging that you've thought through, but if people are not going to read it, it doesn't matter. So you have to approach a landing page with that perspective in as much as possible. And so for me, what makes something particularly skimmable is first, you know, restricting copy a lot. And even even copy that seems short is probably not short enough. [22:07] Second, so people normally like to have like a title, some sort of like subtitle and then like an image and a button. Those are kind of like core pieces of like some sort of landing page experience. Having the title and the button speak to each other is really cool because if people only read the title and the button, they got it. Like it can't be like, wouldn't you like the next president of the United States to blah, blah, blah. And then like a whole explanation of what and then the button is like. [22:30] um i don't know apply whatever right like it's like apply for what now i have to go read the thing and i didn't get it so just keeping those two things super speaking to each other and then of course making sure that that landing page speaks to the ad experience and that's something that i think people do pay some attention to finally there's a there's an element of emotion to it which i didn't get super deep in but just very basic right like my job was to create a

[23:00] and then COVID hit the US. Half the people in that campaign got COVID on our sad goodbye Mike Bloomberg party. And I had already bounced and I left New York because I was scared. I was like, this city is going to be a petri dish. And I spent... [23:14] months trying to convince the whole united states as much as i could that covid was going to hit the united states and there were going to be a lot of deaths unless we had [23:21] a different president. And so I, of course, convinced myself very effectively that we were in grave danger. And so to do that, we had images in the background of different sorts, like Mike Bloomberg and whatever. But fear really inspires people. And that's just a truth about human psychology, especially when it comes to a presidential campaign. [23:43] having dark colors like black, like having Trump in sort of like a black scenario, kind of looking down and looking a little menacing is more powerful than having Trump looking ridiculous, for example, in the context of [23:58] "We need to take action, otherwise there will be deaths "because of this," right? So it depends on the concept, but don't underplay the importance of understanding how people are gonna feel when they see something and whether that's gonna lead them to take action, keeping it super, super simple. Because also the other thing I see is like, a lot of images, you know, it's like, no, the image can't distract from your core message, it just has to be a background thing that aids in the digestion of that message. [24:23] I feel like all these startups are going to start adding Trump, menacing Trump to their landing pages. [24:29] Because it works for you guys. They're going to alienate 50% of the American population. True.

[24:34] There's a few other things I wanted to dig into. One is obviously Duolingo, so let's just spend some time here. [24:39] So it's really interesting. I've written with my newsletter, I've written, [24:43] Over 200 posts. [24:45] the number one most popular post of all time did not expect this was about the story of duolingo and the way [24:51] that the team reignited growth after it started to plateau. [24:54] This was by Jorge Mazal. Mazal. Mazal. Okay, cool. Jorge Mazal. Yes. Okay, there's the right pronunciation. And so clearly there's a lot of interest in the Duolingo story. [25:07] And you were there before Jorge. You were there really early. I think you were there from 3 million users to 200 million. That's kind of the... [25:15] That's my claim to fame. Okay, great. That's a large growth trajectory. [25:21] So, [25:22] One thing I wanted to ask broadly is, [25:25] It feels like B2C... [25:26] Subscription apps never work. [25:29] They never last. There's so few success stories of [25:32] consumer subscription apps. [25:34] There's like Duolingo, like Calm maybe, but it's, I don't know, it feels like it's slowing down. Headspace... [25:41] grammarly sort of like there's there's like always they're like okay and there's a few that are okay the most die [25:46] I guess I'm mostly curious, what is it that you think Duolingo did right? [25:50] to [25:51] make it basically and continue to thrive even these days. [25:55] very few people really believed that we were going to make it, not surprisingly, right? Even though we had like this amazing team, etc. Now it looks almost obvious. It's like, yeah, B2C language learning just like seems so niche. And plus education, there's no money in education. Like, you know, it's been stuck for so long. So, you know, and what I kept hearing, you guys, did you hear about Rosetta Stone? Like this solution already exists. So,

[26:20] I think that there are a couple of things that really made Duolingo success, which are very hard to replicate. Number one. [26:27] An obsession for the mission. That sounds cliche. I think a lot of founders and startup people like to talk about the mission. And I get it. And I think it's real. [26:36] but I really mean it because [26:39] this obsession for solving a problem for hundreds of millions of people. And the problem wasn't just a vitamin, it was a problem in the sense that [26:49] If you don't know English in today's world, your opportunities to get out of your social economic zone are very diminished. [26:57] More specifically, you can double or triple your income potential by learning English in a developing market. [27:02] like Latin America, and there are lots of those around the world. That belief that education should be free and that people should have access to that opportunity, not just in developing countries, but of course also in the US, really drove the organization in a way that drove how we built our marketing, how we spoke to our users, how we designed the experience, how we put [27:25] barriers in front of taking decisions that would actually impact that mission. It helped our users rally around the business. It helped us hire the best people, even if we were based in Pittsburgh and couldn't necessarily pay the Google dollars. So it's really hard to measure the importance of just really being obsessed about that mission. [27:45] But I speak to a lot of education founders, edtech founders, and I'm very biased probably because of this experience. I will say that I had one of those, what's it called, the experiment where they looked at all of the shots that some plane got when it came back from war and then started fixing the plane. There's a name for this, right? And then they realized that they shouldn't fix those spots because if they got back, they survived. They were missing the plane that fell. So I got to ride in a plane that survived.

[28:15] survivor bias, maybe? That sounds right. Yeah. I have survivor bias, but I really believe [28:22] Survivorship bias. So if I speak to a founder and I can tell that they're building an ed tech because they believe that they will be able to make money from it, there's nothing wrong with making money. Nothing. I want to make money. I think it's a capitalist world that we live in and it's fine. But just that drive is what brings people to you and it's what leads you to make long-term thinking decisions that really end up mattering. And it's what allowed us in many ways to grow organically versus with paid ads. [28:52] which I think is crucial for an early stage tech startup. It's not the only thing, but I think it's one of them that's super important. [28:58] Just to follow that thread, that's something that I actually found. I wrote a post about this looking into of the ones that made it. What did they do? [29:04] consistently across them all. [29:06] And one is just stay very lean and scrappy for a long time. [29:10] Because to your point, it's so hard to build a big business. [29:14] And [29:15] you can't afford, like you said, the best people. You can't pay them as much as everyone else, so [29:19] Essentially, it's just like a long time of just being very lean and scrappy. That was the most consistent pattern across all these B2C subscription apps. [29:26] Agree. And that's number two. When I was hired by Duolingo as a consultant and as an employee, my mandate was make Duolingo grow. Here is no budget. I had no budget. [29:37] And people are shocked. Like they're like, oh, but when did you start, when did you turn on the ads? We're like, we just didn't. [29:42] Because I know this is between you and me, Lenny. I actually am quite bad at paid ads. It's just not like a muscle that I ever developed.

[29:48] I'm only good at... [29:50] Huh? [29:51] We won't tell anyone. [29:52] Okay, please keep this a secret. I've only been good. I think I could develop that muscle if one day I need it. But I'm particularly good at thinking about organic growth because I've had to, because that's what Tumblr and Duolingo required of me. And the logic behind it was, listen, with Duolingo, we started monetizing the platform very late. And it was a luxury because we had so much venture capital money to sustain us for a while. [30:22] were gonna help really sustain the company, like translations that didn't end up panning out. And then the Duolingo English test that we started developing really early with Burr Settles, an amazing guy who basically was developing this test, we realized that was gonna be super long term. We didn't start really charging for subscriptions or having ads, and I don't know exactly, but something like year three. So we didn't have an LTV. [30:49] which meant that having a CAC made no sense. So that's number one, like having like you need that CAC to LTV ratio that everyone talks about. That's an important thing. But it's more than that. [30:59] First, [31:00] I think there's the cacatel to be racial thing. The second thing is that even if you have a low cac, I was just talking to an entrepreneur this morning. He was like, oh, we were able to hit a 10 cent cac. And I'm like, yeah, but that grows. Like as you start like targeting more people, the low hanging fruit kind of dry out and you end up having to pay more money. And then once you have those users coming in because of,

[31:20] those paid ads, you can't cut it off because you still need that growth because you're trying to prove to your investors that you're growing or you need those users in order to continue A/B testing or whatever. Like then you become completely dependent and it's really hard to turn it off. So it's almost like an addiction that as much as you're able to limit in the beginning, the better. [31:37] And the third thing is that I really believe [31:40] that [31:42] I don't believe. I think we all know by at this point that the most important thing for the growth of anything tech, or maybe in general, is retention. Of course you need acquisition, but retention is important. And I simplify it a little bit because I don't think retention is like, [31:57] I don't think of it in terms of like, wow, I must retain this user. It's like, is this thing valuable or not? Like, that's what retention is to me. Like, either it's actually providing real value or it's not. If it's providing real value, people stick around. It's as simple as that. [32:27] you're just not gonna succeed long term because those users fall through and you won't really understand why [32:32] because you were building retention based on acquired users that weren't the ones who were necessarily going to you know and and i don't mean to say that i don't believe in paid at all i think paid has its value i think especially when it comes to testing sometimes you don't have as many users as you need to run statistically significant tests but with paid users you could or you could just use paid ads to understand like messaging and images and even value prop on a

[33:02] you know exactly who your target users are, and you figure out a way that makes sense [33:06] But then again, I would argue that if you found your perfect user and where they are, you should go figure out a way to get them organically. Because if you can really provide them value, they would come and they would stay. So far, I've heard. [33:17] Be really focused around a mission. Be very clear about what you're trying to achieve. [33:21] Two is just very low spend. Essentially, don't expect to grow this into a venture-scale business. Focus on a sustainable, profitable business for as long as you can. [33:31] and constrain your spend, basically. And then third is this focus on retention, which I think is a really important point. [33:38] And this is true for any app you're building, but I think especially true for consumer business where people just like, man, this is cool. OK, what's next? [33:45] Okay, let's check out Snapchat. [33:47] Totally. And I was going to have a different three, but I think it's related. So maybe we can add it as 3B or 4. 3B. Let's do it. [33:55] an obsession for the product, [33:58] Again, sounds obvious, but isn't when we look back to products that existed, you know before the internet before I did that the app store You built this thing you made it and then you tried to convince people to buy it That was that kind of it right so like look I make it I made a chair This is a beautiful chair and then you spend all this money trying to like get it out into the world and people buy the chair And you like hire all these salespeople and you hire an amazing marketing agency and they try to sell the chair It's no longer at all that because products are constantly in motion and evolving and like unless you're able to [34:28] that data and understand what it can tell you, you're never gonna win. So I hear a lot of people come to me and say, "Gina, Gina, we built Duolingo for this." And I'm like, "Okay, cool." And then they show it to me and it looks exactly like Duolingo. And I'm like,

[34:42] Okay, cool. And then I'm like, how did you get to this design? They're like, oh yeah, we use Willing & Lozomi. Great. But then as I started talking to them, I understand they didn't actually... [34:50] they don't have the engineers and PMs there looking at mixed panel or whatever it is that they're using every day, understanding how every single change is leading to other changes that enables them to ask the questions and come up with the hypotheses that allow them to get to the next step. [35:06] So it's almost like they just like copy-pasted something. You know how I think of that? It's like... [35:10] those students who are able to copy their, like the best students answer on the math test, [35:16] and then they get frustrated that they didn't get an A. [35:19] because the work wasn't there but they copied the answer but if you don't know how to do the work you get another math question and you're not going to get it right and so that's [35:27] I think still misses and I would venture to say most early stage tech startups out there. It's certainly the case in Latin America where people think they can outsource like the code or outsource the growth. And they're not just like looking like hawks at like the quality of the data and statistical significance and like running hypotheses and like questioning them and that rigor. [35:51] is a culture at Duolingo that was there from day one before me and continues to be there today. [35:58] Amazing. So I think [35:59] If a listener is trying to build a subscription consumer app, [36:02] I would suggest just rewind and listen to that again. I think there's so much... [36:06] gold there. And in my experience, I get a lot of decks because I do a bunch of angel investing. [36:11] I kind of just discount consumer subscription apps because they never work.

[36:16] Except when they do, once in a while. And so my advice is if you're building something in this space, just listen to exactly what you just said. There's a lot of important stuff. And actually, internalize it. [36:25] like stay really lean [36:27] Stay really focused, obsessed with retention, obsessed with making sure the product is solving the problem. [36:31] You're going after. [36:32] I'm so glad that you agree, Leni. I really admire you, so it makes me very happy. [36:37] Well, we're both happy then. [36:39] I wanted to switch to the B side. And I'm curious, what's like a mess up or a big mistake maybe that you made or your teammate that was like, oh, wow, that was a big waste of time? [36:50] Yeah, look, a lot of things didn't work out. More than 50% of our A/B tests didn't work out. We made bets that didn't make sense. [36:56] I will say, though, that like in the spirit of A and B sides, I and I think in general, we are really good at forgetting the B stuff. Like I I talk so much about all the stuff that worked that it's hard to remember, like all of those moments that didn't actually work in the end. The moment and the thing that I tend to talk about, which is like this. [37:15] mistake that we made as the growth team is almost like one of those, like when you get asked in an interview, like, what's your, what's like your biggest weakness? And you're like, I'm a perfectionist. You know, it's like one of those things that actually makes you sound good because it's the story about how my team really wanted to implement badges. We spent a lot of time playing all the games that were popular at the time, trying to understand how those gamification growth hacks that we could [37:41] find in in those apps would potentially overlay onto Duolingo and how you know we would do that and

[37:48] And badges was just pervasive in all of the top games. And so it seemed like a no-brainer. But since we ranked all of our experiments in terms of ROI and return being like how many users we think we're going to get from this, DAUs and time investments, it never made sense to focus on this because we thought that the time sink would be too high. So I actually ended up not letting the team run this experiment for like six months so that we focus on lower hanging fruit. [38:14] So that's like a mistake on my end. Then we decided to we decided to run this experiment in the most lean way possible. We're like, you know what, like there's MVPs, there's like minimum viable experiments. We don't have to run a whole badges thing. We can just like do something more simple and actually see if that like leads to growth in an interesting way. And then we'll know. And we ran this very simple experiment that was like you signed up and then you get a badge. And it was like. [38:36] this girl with a balloon, I don't know, she was like happy or whatever, and of course [38:40] Of course, in retrospect, it led to no results because no one is proud of signing up. It's not an exciting moment. And you don't even have badges to collect. You can't show it to other people. Like none of the things that make badges compelling were there. But we were like, OK, well, we tested it didn't work. And then we moved on. So we moved on for like another, I don't know, eight months and we didn't look back. And then when we did look back, first of all, at that point, we discovered that we hadn't been dogfooding. OK, which also was embarrassing. Looking back, we hadn't been dogfooding in the growth scene. We just come up with hypotheses. We'd like, [39:10] we were super [39:12] careful about prioritizing them and making sure that we were doing the best possible, like, write ups and all these things. But like the dog food piece, it just. [39:18] I didn't come from a product background. I was a marketer and I hadn't even, I didn't really understand the term dogfooding. But when we thought, we had a conversation, we were like, you know what, if we had just tested that, we would have all known that this was a super lame badge.

[39:32] And I was like, why are we not testing our experiments? And so that became part of our practice. It's still relevant. I just had a conversation yesterday with engineers at Latitude. I haven't explained where we're building it. Maybe we'll get there. But I was talking yesterday to engineers at Latitude, and they're awesome. In terms of product team, we have... [39:51] The number eight employee at NewBank. You might have heard of NewBank, but it's this massive banking, like fintech in Latin America. And we have people from other fintechs, and then we have this guy who's a lead PM at Twilio. [40:03] And I was explaining to them why we should be dogfooding. And they were all like, oh, yeah, we should dogfood. It's just like easy to forget stuff like that. So that was a mistake that, you know, we could have probably gotten to the growth that we got to with badges much earlier on. And not only did we get to growth with badges, but it became like this amazing treasure trove of opportunity. Because once you have badges and people want them, you can now ask people to do anything. Like go find friends, go buy things, like, you know, whatever it is. [40:33] we impacted almost all metrics across the company positively, including some we hadn't expected. But it's easy to talk about a mistake that ended up being a win. So that's why I compared it to the interview thing in the beginning. But we tried making Duolingo a social app really early on and it failed. It was called Duels. Duol duels, like you could duel. Very clever. Yeah, I know. We were clever, but people didn't use it and we didn't figure out why.

[41:03] We couldn't get it to pick up. I went and launched Duolingo in China, and it got downloaded by a million people [41:09] in the first day and then the app got blocked and we you know because of the government and then we couldn't figure out what to do and then everyone rated the app like a one star because it didn't work and so then we had a really like a lot of trouble actually recovering from that we launched duolingo in india and didn't realize because we couldn't have unless we went there which we finally did that most people set their phones phone ui in india to english [41:34] because typing in Hindi is hard and of course there's a lot of languages throughout India and we were making it so that when you downloaded Duolingo, whatever UI you open your app, your phone was set to, we offered not that language for you to learn. That was your base language. So we were telling people, learn French, Spanish, German from English and they were all trying to learn English. So they didn't find what they were looking for. They left. [42:04] today. [42:05] Man, there's so much there. That was awesome. I like you're like, oh, I don't remember any of my failures. And then like, oh, here's all these awesome stories. [42:11] That's great. Just one thread there that comes up again and again in this podcast is the dog fooding piece, especially. I think people don't trust their gut and personal instinct enough. [42:21] I think a lot of times PMs are just like, I need to do user research to understand what we should be doing. [42:27] versus [42:28] Just use the thing. See what... [42:29] Feels wrong. [42:31] and keeps you from being excited and really trust that. I find that more and more. Like, I don't know, when I read a thing and when I'm writing, I'm just like, oh, I don't like that. I should change that. I don't need to like run this by three people. So I think that's a really good lesson there. Just

[42:43] Don't underestimate the power of you just using it and relying on it. [42:46] on instincts and feelings you have when you're trying to use it. [42:49] Totally. And that's so hard to do, especially when you're young. And I think, you know, I will add that especially when you're female as well or maybe, you know, maybe other minorities. It's just really hard to trust your instinct because you're constantly telling yourself like, what do I really do I really know anything or like, am I just being lucky? But you you have to. And I think that forcing yourself to pretend that, you know, answers and just finding out what this like pretend person who would know all the answers would think. [43:14] like is really helpful because it helps you develop your point of view, your voice and to trust yourself. Even when you're working on something that you don't fully understand, you know, as an, you know, we're, we're building a banking platform at a latitude. I was looking at it and I was like, [43:28] They were having trouble understanding why people were having problems with wires. And I told them all about how I'm an idiot when it comes to wires. And I make these mistakes ABC because like I don't match like the line. It's like whatever. There's like all this information you're supposed to input. And sometimes information you get is not in the same order. And they're like, wow. You know, and I'm like, this is just me as like a user making dumb mistakes. But that is our forte when you're able to understand. [43:51] that when you don't get something, probably other people don't get it. [43:54] Two, at scale. [43:56] Absolutely. It's like if you're [43:59] If you're thinking about asking a question, [44:00] in class, many people are thinking of that same question, and they will appreciate you asking it. [44:04] The other thing I stood out there, so the Hindi mistake you made, I actually made the same mistake with my podcast recently. [44:10] I was... [44:11] noticing that the second biggest market of listeners is in India.

[44:14] So I'm like, how do I lean into that and help people in India find this podcast even better? [44:19] So I... [44:21] added subtitles in Hindi to a number of the episodes and tweeted it being, "Oh, look at me go. I'm gonna make this so great for people in India." [44:27] And everyone's like, we don't need this. We prefer English. People in tech in India, we know English. It's true. This is even harder. They're like, I can read a lot faster in English, so please don't do this. [44:37] So that was a really good learning. And there's so many languages in India. [44:40] That too. [44:41] Really, it's crazy how people don't speak the same languages across the whole country, but also it means that people in India are very... [44:49] are fluent in so many different languages. [44:52] We live, we learn. [44:54] I want to go back to the A side and just a couple more questions about Duolingo. You said that most of the growth was organic and you basically had to grow it organically. [45:01] Is there anything that you can share that worked really well? Because everybody wants to grow organically through their mouth. [45:07] Is there anything tactical you did? [45:08] that really helped doing that other startups can do and try. Absolutely. So first of all, I would actually say that A/B testing and product-led growth, [45:16] is organic growth because you're not spending money on it. So first thing that you can do, no matter what stage your startup is, is make sure that you are not overlooking the importance of [45:29] people in your product team who really know how to evaluate data and how to use that and learn. And if you're too early stage, you're not looking at 5% growth, you're looking at 20, 30% growth opportunities. But I think that's number one. [45:43] Number two,

[45:45] Actually, this is something I might have said is like something that Duolingo did really well, but I think it goes hand in hand with mission. But, you know, throwing the mission thing aside, brand and PR. So the importance of... [45:58] building a lovable brand that really resonates with people and makes people feel something and and want to stand behind an idea that's bigger than than themselves is not easy to do, but possible and core to being able to to increase word of mouth. So [46:19] At the bottom of this is the mission, which is we, Duolingo, the mission was always to originally to bring free language education to the world, then to build the best education to make it accessible to everyone. I don't know how they're wording it today, but that's something most people can get behind. It doesn't matter if you think Bloomberg or Trump should be president. [46:37] Do you think everyone should have access to great education? Like most people would say yes. And so that's much more powerful than do you want to download an app and learn a new language? You know, so if you're able to have that and things that you really believe in about what you're building, that's changing lives or impacting the world, even if it is just helping business people do their jobs better in a way that's going to improve their lives and their ability to make a life like a living or a company. It's going to improve company's ability, whatever it is, like the bigger [47:07] - Sure. [47:07] the bigger idea behind it and focusing on creating something that people like, whichever your audience is. It might be a more serious audience than something like Duolingo, but for Duolingo, it meant like we have this owl, the colors, and then the way that the owl talks and the notifications and the emails that you get and the product experience. All of that ties back into how people feel about your brand.

[47:29] which makes it so that people are more likely to talk about it, which makes it so that you are much more likely to get a reporter [47:35] to write a story about you if you have something that's meaningful outside of like, "Hey, TechCrunch, did you know that my app grew by 20% last month?" They're like, "I don't care." But if you're able to tell a story about people whose lives you completely transformed or something like that, that's much more interesting and has played an important role in honestly my work at Tumblr, at Duolingo, [47:57] Not the Mike Bloomberg presidential campaign, but definitely Latitude as well. [48:01] Okay, that's amazing. I was going to ask, what does that actually mean, and how do you build a lovable? [48:06] brand. And so what I've heard so far is there's this like personality and voice that was really fun. [48:11] that you'll lead into to make it not just a generic translation app. It's like, "Oh, this is really fun and interesting." And then this other piece is these stories of transformation [48:21] Yeah, there's more. There's more. So I think a brand that stands for something, that truly stands for something, that's where the mission piece comes in. How do you communicate that? How do people even know that the brand stands for that? [48:33] So that has to be an integral part of your communication. In the early days, we tested a lot of stuff on social media. We made mistakes. At one point, we were posting photos of our team on Facebook being like, check out the behind the scenes. Guess what? No one cares. But making the mission, we had a calendar. This is very tactical, but a social media calendar where one post a week is about effectiveness because we knew that proving that Duolingo was an effective way to learn a language and actually having data behind that.

[49:00] move the needle so making sure that was part of our communication in terms of our social media calendar in terms of like the pr [49:05] pitches that we were making in terms of, you know, whatever we were able to like communicate out into the world and then make sure that one post a week was something about the mission and what we were actually trying to accomplish. But it also got embedded into a lot of things. Like, for example, when we were testing screens to get people to convert into paid users on Duolingo, we found that including something like by paying for Duolingo, you're making language learning accessible to millions of people. [49:35] so it really can be anywhere. [49:38] In addition to that, I love copywriting, and I believe that communication is constantly underrated. And communication isn't about being able to convey a message. It's about being able to convey a message in a way that the listener receives it and understands it and remembers it. And that's really hard to do. And one of the things I've helped employ at Duolingo that I think is still there today, it's definitely not just me. It was an amazing team, but I've helped employ that I've used... [50:07] at Latitude and other places is a unique voice. And what that means is [50:11] exactly what you said Lenny like not just another language learning app where we give you instructions and you follow directions. There is always a quirk like it's unexpected. The way we talk to you is a little bit funny doesn't take ourselves too seriously. And it makes [50:25] the person receiving this message feel something. It's about how you make people feel and you feel like either you giggle or you're like, wait, what? They just did what? You know, and like it.

[50:37] and using that to your benefit. We use that a lot at Latitude today as well, in terms of especially our newsletter, [50:45] Just self-deprecating humor, that's what's helped us grow so quickly in Latin America in such a short amount of time. People identify with it. They see themselves as part of that. Again, much like the mission versus like you're a company and I'm a consumer. This episode is brought to you by Mercury, who I also happen to use for my business checking account. I've tried a lot of business banks and there is nothing even close to the experience you get with Mercury. [51:15] at no cost. They kind of make you want to use the site more often, which I've never felt with another banking site. Mercury is banking engineered for the startup journey, a modern solution to help your company become the best version of itself. And Mercury isn't just a place to hold and send money. It's software built to help you scale with safety and stability, whether you're a team of two or a team of a thousand. Mercury also goes beyond banking to provide you with access to the foremost [51:45] Over 100,000 startups on Mercury, the powerful and intuitive way for ambitious companies to bank. Mercury is a financial technology company, not a bank, banking services provided by Choice Financial Group and Evolve Bank & Trust, members FDIC. [52:00] Thank you. [52:01] Is there an example of that kind of like a message you remember for either from Duolingo or from even Latitude? [52:06] Something that worked that was really funnier.

[52:08] Different. [52:08] Look, I think for Duolingo, we constantly looked at every copy we wrote and asked, could this have been written by other companies? Could this have been any other company or is it Duolingo? What makes this Duolingo? And it was tough because the more people you hire who come from other backgrounds, they're not used to that style and they might even think it's unprofessional or whatever. [52:38] In terms of specific examples, [52:41] This is something that I didn't write myself, but I wrote a lot of notifications for Duolingo. [52:45] for the passive aggressive messages that I'm sure people have received, which started and then became a meme. And then and then Duolingo use as well. But like the whole like this doesn't seem to be working. We'll stop sending them for now message, which you got after five days of an activity. In addition to that message, around the same time, we decided to send an email to people in New Year's because that's what people make a resolution to do things. And we wanted them to make learning a language a resolution for the year. [53:15] I don't know if the screen is still there. I haven't used it in a while, but there was always a screen of Duo really sad. [53:21] when you fail something. And that's been... - Do it as the owl. [53:24] The owl. Duel is the owl, sorry. The green owl will cry. And we tested the size of the puzzle, the size of the puddle and the number of tears that came out of his eyes in terms of effectiveness.

[53:54] Like the next email will be a funeral invite, things like that. Right. And so, [53:59] That's an example, I think, to me, which can now be seen very much throughout Duolingo's brand, where we could have just said, oh, no, this is a PR disaster. We need to go back to being this friendly, like nice little fluffy thing that everyone loves. Instead of being like, no, like we get that people think this is funny and we're just going to run with it. You know, because being using the dual voice, it gives us the permission to do that because we're not just like we're not square. We're not going to do that thing that you read in the textbook in school. We're just we're kind of going to play along with it. [54:29] lesson. It reminds me of this famous Duolingo meme that I'm sure you've seen where [54:33] Someone shared these, they got these two notifications in a row. I just pulled it up here where [54:37] First, they got this Duolingo push notification. Looks like you forgot your Spanish lessons again. You know what happens now. [54:43] And then the next push was from their security system, Intruder Alert. [54:47] Backdoor, proceed with caution. [54:49] And I imagine Duolingo even leaned into that, I think, when this started spreading. A hundred percent. And it wasn't an easy decision, you know, because, of course, a lot of people in the company were like really concerned about the brand image and like, what are people doing and how do we revert this? That kind of thing. Right. So it was like a. [55:03] It was a it was a bet that we made where we're just going to like know we're going to lean into it because that's what having this unique voice means. It's about getting it. It's about being part of something bigger. It's about, you know, connecting with people outside of just teaching them a word a day or whatever it is. And with Latitude, I think we do that. [55:22] We do that all the time in our newsletter, and it's a lot of self-deprecating humor for Latinos and using expressions that could be almost offensive, but they're not. Not in terms of Latinos only, but also the tech world, making fun of being a tech founder and the things that we do that we think are okay. And it's just a lot of that where I think I would call it irreverent.

[55:44] It's a tough line. It's a lot easier to be, I think, a copywriter in a place that doesn't want to do that because... [55:49] the lines are a lot clearer and you don't have to take as many risks, but so less fun, which I think makes it so less fun for the user because people are used to getting emails from their banks with corporate lingo that you don't understand. But if they get an email from their bank, that's funny, ironic, but also very informative. Like that's that's a bank email I'm going to read, you know. [56:12] I think that's a really good lesson. Part of this is just taking a risk. I think that's one of the big takeaways here is just take some risks. We had Lulu Ching on the podcast. [56:19] who was a huge advocate of that. She's [56:21] a PR comms person that's worked at Substack and [56:24] blizzard now and that was our advice to people take risks do things that are a little [56:29] A little controversial, because that'll get attention. [56:31] I definitely want to talk about Latitude. Just a couple more questions on Duolingo. [56:35] One is... [56:36] Today, it feels like one of the most interesting things about Duolingo is their TikTok presence and feels like they're doing so well. [56:43] kind of leaning into exactly what you're talking about, just being really silly and different. [56:47] with the owl especially. I guess the question there is just, what is it that you think [56:51] allows for that? Is it just this very special [56:54] social media person they hired that was just incredibly good at this thing and being irreverent, as you said. [57:00] Or is there something else that [57:01] contributes and allows a company to win in social media the way that Duolingo has. [57:06] Look, I haven't met the person who does the TikTok and they're fantastic. Definitely the one that demerit their work. It's awesome. I don't think it's easy to do, especially on a consistent basis. So I think, yes, finding someone who gets...

[57:17] who gets humor, who gets the platform, who's able to produce content like quickly, but also reacts to learnings like all of that is not easy to do. [57:26] However, I do think that everything we just talked about is at the bottom of that, because if Duolingo didn't have this unique voice and leaned into the humor and wanted to be irreverent as a brand and was so focused on connecting with people where they were and and ready to take risks that might seem, you know, [57:47] maybe unorthodox in terms of, especially in terms of education, then an opportunity to build a TikTok like that wouldn't exist. So it's both. And I think it goes back to the brand DNA. It goes back to the culture of the company and to the attention, as I said, to every single text that was published and whether or not it wasn't the right voice or not. It has to do with having those conversations with the executive team where you talk about who is duo and what are they like and how do they talk [58:17] it's not a dual thing to say and committing to [58:21] to this idea that you're going to be [58:23] remembered that you're going to do things that are sometimes are going to rub people the wrong way. And you're not just going to sit, you know, squarely in one place. I think that, [58:32] opens the possibility for a TikTok like the one that Duolingo has today to exist. But again, whoever is running the TikTok, you're amazing. [58:41] That's such a good lesson. A lot of people are looking at Dueling and they're like, "We need to find that person at our company." [58:46] And what you're saying is it takes a lot more than that. Like that person is not going to have a good time if the,

[58:52] culture of the company isn't set up to be [58:54] to have that approach to try to just take risks and be irreverent. So that's a really good point. [59:02] One final question around internationalization. You said that you help [59:05] drive internationalization of Duolingo. [59:08] I read somewhere that [59:09] One of the learnings you had there was essentially treat everyone [59:13] the same almost across countries, which I think people [59:16] think is the counter. Like they should often like, no, it should be super personalized for every country we're in. [59:20] What did you learn there? [59:22] I think that this is [59:24] very controversial because [59:27] Not only is it the case that when you're working in regulated industries, maybe like more B2B situations, like looking at specific countries, [59:38] is important. Looking at specific countries and elements of these countries are important, especially when you're looking at like, [59:45] I don't know, laws, and if you need legal differences, there's a lot of things that make countries different. [59:52] is what I'm trying to get. However, humans are very similar. [59:56] And we think we're very different. [59:59] I don't think we're that different. I think that maybe we were brought up differently. And like, so for example, in Brazil, we like to dance for hall in Mexico, we like to dance salsa. In some places, it's okay to hug and other places not okay to hug. Yes, there are cultural differences. And it's important to love everyone to adapt, etc. But [1:00:16] A lot of these differences when it comes to like core human behavior are like that. [1:00:22] like final like five percent of getting people of understanding people and if as a startup whether it be early stage but as a startup you focus too much on those marginal differences between

[1:00:34] groups of people, you can run the risk of making big mistakes, which is making too many changes, [1:00:41] too soon and learning very little and adding crazy amounts of code complexity and overall organizational complexity to what you're building and [1:00:51] with Duolingo, because it was a consumer app, because we weren't dealing with a lot of regulatory issues, except for like China, where we had to like watch out for certain words and phrases. In general, people want to learn a language and people learn a certain way and people use apps a certain way. So there's a lot of commonality. We just found that by [1:01:10] treating the world as one and whenever we deployed you know a b tests or or tried something new in terms of marketing we would just look at it as like okay well this [1:01:18] If this worked here, it will work there and we should just try it out everywhere, which meant like, you know, every time I went and launched Duolingo New Market, I got the same feedback, whatever country it was here, it's different. [1:01:30] "People are different, you don't understand, "and what you're doing is not gonna work, "and here's why you need to change." And if we had actually listened to that, it would cause all kinds of problems, like, [1:01:39] In our country, we think that green is a negative color. Like owls are like poorly seen as an animal. Or here, people think that free things are actually of low value. They like things that are expensive. [1:01:51] "Oh, people here really like free things." I'm like, "Everyone likes free things." They're like, "Oh, in this country, whatever." [1:01:58] Yes, I think that countries are different, but it's more important to realize that people like to think they're different and people like to think their countries are different and like highlight those because it makes them feel special and unique.

[1:02:09] We're all special and unique in all of our amazing ways, but this is not necessarily it. And when you're trying to be super [1:02:15] cautious of your resources, you have to ignore some of that because [1:02:20] Then you're able to roll out things once. [1:02:23] which is important. But in addition to that, every new A/B test you want to run or every new hypothesis you have, if you now have a version of your app that's different in Mexico, in China, in India, whatever, [1:02:35] You're going to have to run that test and whatever change you have in all of those versions. And then you just start having all of these different versions of the app everywhere. And good luck managing that in terms of code, in terms of processes, in terms of personnel, in terms of costs, and most importantly, in terms of time. [1:02:53] because now every single experiment or hypothesis is going to take you way longer to be able to deploy. And time is almost more important than money when you're a startup. So it's important to keep things super simple. And this was something that we did that actually ended up paying off with few exceptions like India and China. [1:03:12] That is such cool advice. [1:03:14] It reminds me of a quote that I think of that a friend of mine shared once, "Life is maintenance." [1:03:19] Anything you. [1:03:20] add to your life is just something you're going to have to maintain from that point forward. And, [1:03:25] Similar in products. Anytime you add new code, you're going to maintain that code forever. [1:03:29] and the more you can not add anything new and not make things really different. [1:03:33] the easier everything gets. People forget that. It's like, oh, we're just going to spend a bunch of time to make it awesome and [1:03:38] China or Brazil and then they have to maintain that forever and every feature has to

[1:03:42] And it's an 80-20. So, you know, like just focus on what will get you the 80 and not the 20. And then when you have the luxury of focusing on the 20, then you can. [1:03:51] Okay, so speaking of different cultures and people being different but not that different, [1:03:56] You... [1:03:57] pivoted your career basically to focus on Latin America. First of all, [1:04:03] Why did you decide to do that? That's a pretty unique path. And what pulled you there? [1:04:07] Thank you. [1:04:08] So Lenny, I don't see it as a pivot because as we were joking in the beginning, I've been an employee, I was an operator at early stage startups. And now I'm a founder and I'm a VC. So I'm still kind of like in this little like stack of like roles that we have in our little tech ecosystem. [1:04:27] And in my time working with Tumblr and my agency and Duolingo, I had the... [1:04:33] the pleasure of speaking with entrepreneurs all over the world, in part because I [1:04:38] I started getting some media because of the work that I've been doing, starting at Tumblr. So a lot of entrepreneurs reached out to me, but also because I became a mentor for an organization called Endeavor, which is global. So I started working with entrepreneurs in Japan and Brazil on my free time, just mentoring. [1:04:56] I know that the opportunity for growth in terms of tech in Latin America is huge. [1:05:02] because [1:05:03] First of all, the opportunity for growth in tech is huge all over the world, meaning there's just more and more to do. There's more pieces of our lives that can become more efficient or better or cheaper by making them digital in some way, shape or form, because digital products scale.

[1:05:20] we are behind when it comes to that in terms of Latin America and our economy is also not, you know, like, [1:05:25] doing super great right now. There's a number of things that make it tougher to succeed in Latin America, but make the outcome of potential success much higher. [1:05:35] And simply put, there's a lot of low hanging fruit because a lot of what has already been digitized and productized in the US and more developed markets just hasn't in Latin America. And every time I took these calls, I would think like, well, you know, this is not very efficient for me to be doing this one to one call. I feel very good about myself. Like I feel great. And this entrepreneur learned a lot, but I wish I could do this more at scale. [1:05:56] And also, it doesn't seem like this is what's going to help this entrepreneur succeed. Like maybe it's a little bit of advice, but it's like, [1:06:01] And not only that, but I had a lot of experiences where [1:06:05] I would mention something about growth that I had learned and that would blow the entrepreneur's mind. And I would think, why do I know this, but not this entrepreneur who honestly is smarter and more ambitious than me? Oh, it's because I've had a career in Silicon Valley because I've gotten to work with some of the best people in the world. And I have access to this information just free flowing in my way all the time. And that's, you know, we take it for granted. So how can we make this more accessible to to Latin America's entrepreneurs so that they can have access to that? What else is hard to get access to that could really get in the way? [1:06:35] to capital. Okay, so what's the VC in the angel ecosystem looking like and what can we do that can actually impact that at scale? [1:06:42] And then there's other pieces of the ecosystem that are missing. Like if you're going to start a company, you have to incorporate it. It sounds super boring, but like in Brazil is one of the countries that takes the longest time to incorporate a company in the world.

[1:06:53] But then if you're going to get investment, you probably can't get investment in your Brazil entity because. [1:06:58] investors are like, I don't know anything about Brazil. And sounds like a lot of employers get sued by their employees and lose, which is totally true. And there's all this liability. I'd feel much more comfortable investing in a Delaware company. So then entrepreneurs are like, oh man, like now I have to create this entity in Delaware. I don't even know where that is. And like, [1:07:16] What's a C-Core? What's this other thing? So there's just stuff that needs to happen for Latin Americans that we don't think about here. Like quote unquote Silicon Valley talking about it as in the cloud in the U.S. in developed markets. But also like, okay, then you're able to raise money. How you get money down to your country? That's not... [1:07:34] simple at all. Like, how do you think about like the FX transactions and not get screwed in the process and who's going to do it? And so anyway, there's like a number of these things that make it super hard. And so that's some of the problems that we wanted to solve. Why it matters to me, I'm Brazilian, I'm Latin American, and I know that I had all of the opportunities in the world. I went to an American school, [1:07:55] I got to go to school in the US. I got to work with some of the best tech companies in the world. And 99.9% of people in Latin America will not have these opportunities. And so for me, if I don't use this privilege to somehow make a huge impact where I came from, that will last, then I kind of wasted my life. [1:08:14] So that's why this matters so much to me. And I met my co-founder, Brian Reckworth at OnDeck. If you've heard of OnDeck before, I'm a big fan. I'm wearing OnDeck socks right now. Yeah, I am.

[1:08:27] I love their socks and I just had a conversation with them yesterday. I'm a big fan of what they built. I met Brian doing On Deck. I actually was thinking of starting a completely different company but also focus on community as we were talking about. People want to find connection and I think that there's a lot of business opportunity there. But I met my co-founder and he was working with our third co-founder, Yuri, who was actually the guy. We joke, he's the guy who builds things. He's the CTO. He actually knows how to build. [1:08:57] to make an impact in the speed at which tech startups succeed in Latin America, because we think we can have a huge impact on the GDP of the whole region, developments, job opportunities, and so on and so forth. So to me, that's what motivates me. It's like figuring out [1:09:11] how I can use my time to [1:09:14] as leverage to make the biggest impact possible in terms of social economic [1:09:19] social and economical mobility for people in the world and focusing on the part of the world that I came from made the most sense. [1:09:26] So you referenced this company that you started Latitude. Maybe just describe briefly, just broadly, how do you pitch what Latitude does to folks that might find it useful? [1:09:35] I will, and I still do a pretty bad job of pitching it. But the pitch is basically like work. [1:09:40] We're building the operating system for Latin American early stage tech startups. And what that means is that building a startup is hard anywhere, but it's extra hard in Latin America for some of the reasons that I outlined. Some of the things that we decided to solve for are one, it's super lonely to be a founder. And if you're able to meet great founders who are just a step ahead of you in anything, be it in product or growth or marketing or incorporation or finances, you can save yourself so much time from trying to like read books and Google if they can just tell you what to do or connect them.

[1:10:10] you with the right person, that if we were able to connect these people, [1:10:13] Meaningfully we could make a huge impact. So that's number one. It's lonely and number two [1:10:20] You build a startup in Brazil and you're like, wow, this is working. I'm going to go to Silicon Valley. I've seen this happen a lot in the past decade. And Silicon Valley is a completely different place. The US is a different place. The competition is different. [1:10:30] 3% of people in Brazil only, you know, and that varies in Latin America, speak English. So the likelihood of you being taken seriously is low. Your chances of success are low. But at the same time, Latin America has so much in common as a region. But we don't actually see that if we're Latin Americans. We just think we're countries. Like, especially Brazilians don't think that they're part of the arrest. And Mexicans don't think about Brazil. Like, it's so far. Look at it on the map. Like, in the U.S., you're like, oh, yeah, Latin America. [1:11:00] but the opportunities of growth are huge and dependent on whether you meet the right people are able to open doors and understand that our problems are so similar that a solution for one part of this region could potentially be great for another part of the region. [1:11:13] I'm not doing a great job of pitching, but in addition to it being lonely and it being difficult to find the right resources and really trustworthy knowledge, it's really hard to raise capital. [1:11:25] and it's really hard to do things like incorporate and [1:11:29] and bring your money down, et cetera. So that's what we do. First, we have a fellowship program. We have 1,500 entrepreneurs who got in. We run four cohorts a year, about 600 applicants per. And so you get in and you get access to all of these resources we've put together. You get to find out what everyone thinks about other investors in the region, because I think it's important to disseminate that information. You get access to introductions to investors to each other and advice and events.

[1:11:53] In addition, we have a fund. So we've invested in 100 startups and we're raising our second fund now. It's going to be around $25 million with a $30 million cap. So that's another thing. So we invest, you figure out your investment game. You might become one of our investments as well. [1:12:11] And in addition, we have products that make it a lot easier to navigate the super, in my opinion, boring and frustrating stuff behind starting a company that you don't want to think about it as an entrepreneur because you're trying to solve a problem and build a team and build a product. [1:12:41] and a Cayman. So we do all of that for you and make it easy through like a dashboard. We built a bank that we built and, and so on and so forth. So it's, it's not an easy to describe business because, [1:12:53] It's kind of an ecosystem play. We're trying to elevate the tech ecosystem in Latin America, and it's... [1:12:59] It's a lot of moving parts. [1:13:01] You basically help them do everything, which is what I'm hearing. And it sounds like you'd be a fool not to take advantage of this. [1:13:07] the [1:13:09] customers essentially are founders in any Latin American country. Is that right? Is that who- Founders in Latin America, but we also have a lot of US-based founders who are building for Latin America because they understand that the opportunity there is huge. [1:13:21] Awesome. [1:13:22] And then what is the arrangement? Do you take equity if they join the program? Is it free? What's the... We don't. Joining the program is free. You just have to be able to get in. We don't... For a number of reasons. We just don't want to deter anyone who's amazing from being part of this community. And so that's why we made that decision. If we invest, we take equity. If you choose to use our products, that's a paid thing. So you can choose what makes sense for you.

[1:13:47] Something I wanted to ask about is what is it that you think is that Latin American founders and [1:13:53] companies are uniquely good at? Is there kind of a thread [1:13:57] across Latin American startups that are like, oh, they're so good at this area. [1:14:01] Pay attention here. [1:14:03] In general terms, [1:14:04] Startup founders have to be really scrappy and resourceful. [1:14:08] And resilient. Latin Americans tend to be very scrappy, resourceful and resilient because of just the realities in which we were brought up in. We have words for that, that we don't have any English and Portuguese and Spanish, which is like dancing around things and figuring out things when like you don't have other solutions. So I think that's something that we see a lot. [1:14:28] In terms of what we are really good at, I would say [1:14:33] First of all, there is opportunity in every single vertical in Latin America because it's such a wide open field. So there's opportunity everywhere. It's not that we're particularly good at fintech, for example. But if you look at the fintech opportunity in Latin America right now, it's so hot and there's like so much money and there's so much happening because of the huge problem of people not having access to bank accounts or access to credit or just like all of the bureaucracy that exists in trying to get those things or to make payments and so on and so forth. So there's just huge opportunity there. [1:15:02] Trying to think what else I would like highlight. Ah, [1:15:05] Blenny, you talked about B2C. I think... [1:15:08] Again, because there's so much open field, there's so much opportunity when it comes to B2B, especially when you're talking about SMBs. [1:15:14] There's a lot of like small and medium businesses doing things on paper.

[1:15:18] So figure out what they are and how you can make them not on paper and deploy them effectively. So I think that's [1:15:25] That's an advantage we have. [1:15:28] Other than that, I wouldn't highlight anything in particular. I think that there's amazing people all over the world. It's just a matter of [1:15:34] What are the opportunities that exist? And because there's so many opportunities... [1:15:38] that are Latin America specific. [1:15:41] or that are emerging market specific, which means that if they work in an emerging market in Latin America, they could work in other emerging markets. And you know what? Most of the world. [1:15:50] is not developed markets and understanding what it's like to not have access to amazing Wi-Fi and and like iPhones and and all the things that we have access to that's that can be a huge advantage because that's the reality that most of the population lives in and that's a huge TAM. [1:16:08] Yeah, that makes me think about WhatsApp. And one of the reasons they made it is they were just [1:16:11] Obsessed with making the app incredibly small and fast, [1:16:15] And they started, I think, with international markets. And then that just ended up being an amazing app because it's so fast and so easy to use. And still, and now there's things being built on top of WhatsApp. Like we just invested in a company called Lead Sales. And they basically turn your WhatsApp into a CRM, which is amazing because so much business is being done on WhatsApp. And that's not the case here in the U.S. So you wouldn't understand that you can build something for that. And there are other markets that are using WhatsApp for which that's also going to be useful.

[1:16:45] things because we're so quote unquote behind. So for example, there's examples of these like in India and in some countries in Africa where like, I don't know, the desktop was skipped, you know, people just went straight to mobile. I think we can see these catapult [1:16:59] opportunities because then when you start building something and you already and you didn't even build for the previous version of whatever it is that was being used because [1:17:07] you know, in the US or more developed markets, you had access to them, then you are in a way at an advantage. So I'm excited to see [1:17:14] how that plays out in the next few years. And I'm particularly curious to see how that plays out when it comes to AI. [1:17:20] One last question around Latin America. [1:17:23] It's going to be kind of a broad question. What do you think people should be paying attention to, whether it's specific companies you want to call out, [1:17:30] big companies that are doing great, or just trends or patterns? What do you think people should be paying attention to? Anything you want to... [1:17:37] Shout out. [1:17:39] Lenny, the truth is, I would love to call out all of our portfolio companies because I believe in all of them. And there are some of them that are growing incredibly impressively. One of them is Pomelo. [1:17:49] which is like a FinTech platform for FinTechs, that is just grown incredibly. It's, to me, it's more about paying attention to Latin America. I think for the US, that's already a lot. I don't think people know what's going on below the border, have no idea what Brazil is like, but paying attention because it's not just a place that's behind and trying to catch up. It's a place where the opportunity to make a lot of money

[1:18:17] it's a higher risk. [1:18:18] like region because of all the political and economic stability instability but given the scenario that we're in right now which is [1:18:26] that we're still clinical behind in terms of [1:18:29] like all the solutions that we know will be built to give people access to health, to education, to financial services, etc. But we actually have a lot of money flowing into the region in terms of like venture capital. We have the best talent we've ever had because now we've had, I forget how many, but like a lot of IPOs that came from Latin America and unicorn companies. People who have worked at those companies or who have worked at places like Duolingo and are coming back to build now know what they're doing. [1:18:59] make now a really exciting time to build a startup in Latin America and to scale it. So from an investment perspective, I just think that there's a lot of hot opportunities. Now, in terms of knowing what's a good opportunity versus not, I think the same rules probably apply to those opportunities. [1:19:16] anywhere else, which is, you know, like most importantly, the entrepreneur, does this person know what they're talking about? So they have an unfair advantage in terms of knowing what a, like, what a problem, a problem that exists and knowing how to solve it in a way that others couldn't. They have access to the best talent in the world, not just in the region that will actually join them and build the best thing possible. And yeah, like what's, what's the TAM and not just what they

[1:19:46] That's what I would say. I think everyone's looking at FinTech in Latin America right now. It's hot, it's profitable, money is where the money is. [1:19:52] But... [1:19:53] I'm super excited about what happens with health and education in particular, because I think that that has the power to truly transform [1:20:02] the region in a massive way. At Latitude, like I think I mentioned, in addition to FinTech, we tend to invest a lot in B2B, SMB, [1:20:11] platforms that are helping businesses scale and work more effectively, because there is a huge need for that and there's an opportunity to build. And I think that that can have an impact on the region. So. [1:20:23] I think that would be my advice. It's a little broad. But other than that, if not, I would just now sit here and tell you like 15 companies that we love at Latitude and I won't. [1:20:33] Well, we can point people to your portfolio page on your website. [1:20:37] I would love to highlight our portfolio companies. Maybe I'll just send you a list or something. I don't know. [1:20:42] Perfect. We will figure out a way to share that. With that, we've reached our very exciting lightning round. Gina, are you ready? [1:20:50] I'm ready, Lenny. [1:20:51] What are two or three books that you've recommended most to other people? [1:20:56] The one book I recommend because it really changed the way I think about things, it taught me a lot about a discipline I had never really thought much about, but also because I think it makes me sound smart and it's a really short book so it's easy to get through, is The Design of Everyday Things. For me, that was the first time that I realized that design wasn't just this sort of like...

[1:21:17] cool thing that some people were into and they had to get and it made things beautiful. It was about understanding how everything is designed and how to think about design and usability. So for someone like me who didn't have any experience in product before, I think it could be transformative. And then the second book, it has nothing to do with what we do. I recommend [1:21:38] Viktor Frankl's man's search for meaning because at heart I'm a philosopher and I tend to think a lot about [1:21:45] life, the meaning of life, and what differentiates one life from the next and how to live a good one. And no matter what profession we choose, that continues to be important. So those are my recommendations. [1:22:00] What is a favorite recent movie or TV show that you really enjoyed? [1:22:04] So first of all, I love succession, but I don't think we have to go into that. One that was recommended to me by a friend who I very much admire was Mike Krieger, co-founder of Instagram. [1:22:14] is How To with John Wilson. It's a really weird TV show that I would have never found if it wasn't for him. But the premise is basically this guy, I think he's a filmmaker, and he's awkward, and it's cool that he's awkward. It's just his style. And he decides to make a TV show about creating to help people who are really worried or scared of doing something and helping them [1:22:44] someone [1:22:45] is really scared of telling their friends that they lied about how many college degrees they had or whatever like that they said they had a master's degree but they didn't and it's now been five years and it was like it's like they're it's not the debate club but it's I forget what it is but something that like requires some sort of intellect and like he doesn't want to confront the

[1:23:01] the group. And so like he recreates everything that could possibly happen that day in order to make this easier. Or another one of like about like having kids. Someone's really scared about making the decision about whether or not they want to have kids. So that's it's kind of a documentary, but it's not. It's awkward. It's weird, but it's so good. And then I would say White Lotus, just like [1:23:20] you know [1:23:22] So good. I do that song to my new child often because it's so funny. [1:23:28] My husband and I do it at home. [1:23:32] Yeah, I'm not going to do it. But it's a recurring favorite on this podcast. We had a short drinking game where every time someone said, wait, Lotus, we drank. So I'm going to have some tea here real quick. Okay. I'm sorry to be predictable. But you know, like I said, we humans are a lot more similar than we'd like to think. You know what's amazing, Lenny? It's just my realization more and more of how much this is true. Because I like to think of myself as unique, much like everybody else. And then I start seeing that all of these really creative decisions I made. [1:24:00] are what all of the other millennial white girls did. [1:24:04] You know, it's just fascinating. Like, oh, I like, you know, whatever, mid-century modern furniture. [1:24:12] And if you, oh, you know what? Actually, I'll tell you what movie is my favorite one. [1:24:16] Bo Burnham's Inside. [1:24:18] I love... I don't know if that's a movie, but I'm in love with Boburnum. My husband knows about this. I know all of the songs. And White... [1:24:27] What is it? White girls Instagram? White woman's Instagram. Such a good song. That's what I'm talking about.

[1:24:33] Also, I've been re-listening to [1:24:36] Uh... [1:24:36] "How is the best case scenario Joe Biden?" They're going to make me vote for Joe Biden. I was thinking this to my parents. They didn't get it. That's amazing. We'll link to that video, that movie. Even after COVID, it's incredible. Anyway, I was also going to say that first [1:24:53] show you mentioned [1:24:54] I think it's called The Rehearsal. Maybe there's a different title. Oh my gosh, you're right. He has two shows, and one of them is called How To, and the other one is called The Rehearsal. You're right, I am recommending The Rehearsal. I have also seen How To, which are... [1:25:07] shorter episodes where he films in New York and he just goes like how to find a parking spot. And then it takes him down a rabbit hole of like how, [1:25:16] cars are made or like parking in the city, but it's also very good. But I prefer the rehearsal. [1:25:21] And Nathan Fielder is the guy behind all this who's incredibly... [1:25:25] incredibly hilarious. He has a new show, actually, I think it's on HBO with [1:25:29] John Wilson or something that he's producing, or it's this other guy. [1:25:33] Just going around talking about stuff in New York. [1:25:35] And I think he's a producer. That's the one I'm talking about. That's How To with John Wilson. [1:25:40] Oh, there we go. So I think he's behind that. Okay, look at us. We're figuring things out. We are figuring things out. So I think he has maybe a new season. [1:25:48] I think season two. I haven't started that one yet. [1:25:50] Anyway, here we go. We're going to keep going. [1:25:52] What is a favorite interview question that you like to ask candidates that you're interviewing? [1:25:56] Why do you want to work here? [1:25:58] is what I really like to ask because it tells me a lot. Of course, everyone wants a job. People could just be like, because I want a job, and it seems like you guys pay well and whatever. I think this is a good next step in my career. But I want to know if this person knows what it is that we do, if they did a minimum level of research, and if they actually...

[1:26:18] And if they connect with our mission. [1:26:20] Because we're going to talk about mission a lot and I don't want them to gloss over it and to make decisions that are short-term thinking that go against our mission because of the reasons I mentioned with Duolingo. So I think that's one. It's not very unique, but I think gives you a lot of information. And then I would say, what are you world-class at? [1:26:39] And how do you know that you're world class at that? And the second part is almost more important. What are you world class at? Like, it's okay if someone says like, look, I'm working on becoming world class at whatever. And this is like why I think I'm better, you know, like I'm great at it or whatever. But the second part is... [1:26:54] important because it tells me if people actually care about metrics. And I don't care what the metrics are, but just how do you know [1:27:01] this to be true. It has to be more than like, oh, because my boss loves me or because my mom told me because... [1:27:06] I gave a talk or whatever, I want to hear, I'm proud of having accomplished this. And maybe if you have some numbers to show, that's also really important. [1:27:17] What is a favorite product that you recently discovered that you really like? [1:27:21] I have not been trying any products, I would say. So nothing to recommend. I would say, though, that I am very curious to try these gut health tests that are out there now, or microbiome tests. [1:27:33] ones like I'm really interested in how little we know about our body and how tech [1:27:39] can actually help democratize this information. And going on a tiny rant, I'm also feeling very resentful of doctors right now because we've always lived in a world in which doctors are sort of like these authorities and we must just believe whatever it is that they tell us and we rely on them for information that is crucial to our survival.

[1:27:58] But we're now in a world where we can Google things, and that's even more scary because you have to know how to filter that information really well, and you don't find explanations to things. But doctors don't like you Googling, because they say it's scary, but also because they don't like being questioned. I think we're finally coming to a place where a lot of these devices that can give you great information about your body so that you understand [1:28:20] your nutrition and very core things about ourselves that we don't today are becoming accessible to a lot of people, just to the population. It's still expensive, but we're getting there. And I think that will be magical. So I will call out the company Levels by my friend Sam Korkos because I think that what they're doing is awesome. [1:28:39] Next question, what is a... [1:28:41] Favorite life motto that you like to think about come back to share with other people? One is this too shall pass and I will tell you this one right now is particularly meaningful to me right now because I'm going through a really tough moment because I have long COVID and lost my taste and smell. [1:28:57] and it might be long term. But I think it applies to A/B [1:29:02] thing that I was talking about, you know, when like everything in life is moments. [1:29:07] except for a couple of diagnoses. And so this too shall pass is something I'd say to myself a lot. [1:29:13] The second one is also not particularly motivational, but I really believe in it, which is fake it till you make it. That's something I... [1:29:19] I've held on to for a long time. And even today, I don't mean... [1:29:23] I don't mean lie. I don't mean pretend to be something that you're not. But I mean, it's almost like a way to overcome imposter syndrome and by

[1:29:30] Opening room for yourself to be who you want to become so that you enable opportunities to become that And I'm not saying lying but early in my career I did fake it till I make it from the point of view of like not saying no to things when Companies were saying to me being like hey, can you help us grow without a budget like tumblr right? I was 25 26 and [1:29:50] I was like, yeah. [1:29:51] And then go figure it out, you know, and when Duolingo turned to me and said, hey, can you be head of growth? And I didn't know what growth was, and I had to Google and find Andrew Chen's blog. [1:29:59] I read it and I found out and I just said yes and then kept going with that. So fake it till you make it is kind of that for me. But even today, I have a lot of imposter syndrome, which I actually think is not imposter syndrome. It's just acknowledging that I don't know a lot. My team says I have too much self-deprecating humor that actually puts the company down. It puts me down. [1:30:29] in a podcast and [1:30:31] almost like being that person that you would like to be or being your best self, you can call it whatever you want. But I think [1:30:37] It can really help you get out of the little hole that you would put yourself into and limit opportunities for yourself. [1:30:44] Amazing. [1:30:45] This question elicits so many interesting insights and stories. I appreciate you sharing all that. [1:30:51] Final question. [1:30:53] You majored in philosophy, if I'm not mistaken. [1:30:56] I'm curious, do you have a favorite philosopher or someone that most influenced the way you think about the world?

[1:31:02] I use a lot of philosophy in my day to day, but it's not because I have deep knowledge, it's because I have light knowledge that I draw on that helps people think I'm smart and relates to ideas like... [1:31:14] I often talk about Thesis' ship. To me, that allegory is one of the most interesting ones, because it's about identity and building and whether you know... I don't know if the allegory is like, you know, the ship lit... - No, please share. - So, Thesis is on this journey. I think he leaves Crete and he's going somewhere else and he's on a boat. And then over the course of the trip, so many things happen. They've hit so many waves and they have storms that they have to replace planks and [1:31:42] and re-sow the sail, and by the time they arrive at the next port, nothing on the ship is the same as it was before. Like, they'd replaced every single plank, they'd replace every, [1:31:53] all the masks, they've replaced all the sails, and so the question is, is this the same boat that left the dock? [1:31:59] And to me, that's a really interesting concept around transformation and what it means to [1:32:04] have an identity that exists over time even when so much of us or so much of a company or so much of a country changes and what is that core identity and you know so to me that shapes i think a lot of ideas because it's a cool allegory and it resonates a lot but yeah so i would say at this point i embarrassingly have very cursory knowledge of philosophy [1:32:28] I could probably remember a lot of it if I went back to it, but I don't use it in my day-to-day, and I would love to take time off at some point and go study.

[1:32:36] But I'm also embarrassed to admit that I'm not a person who just like finishes work, is completely depleted and then wants to like bury my face in a philosophy book. I don't. I would like to. I would like to acquire all of this philosophy knowledge, but I want to watch White Lotus. [1:32:52] Or if I'm going to force myself to work out, I'll listen to an audio book like that makes me feel good about myself. And it's a fiction one. [1:33:01] I think this is actually a great example of exactly what you're talking about, where we change and we are not necessarily the same person we were. It makes sense that you're not obsessed with philosophy. [1:33:09] having finished that a while ago and now working on something totally different yeah i think i still am like because i'm you know i i consider myself to be very like existential i'm an atheist so i like to find meaning it's it's not like it doesn't exist so much for me and i think about the big questions and and i am interested in philosophy i'm just [1:33:29] Not interested enough to make time and effort for it in my life right now. [1:33:34] As a hidden gem at the end of this episode, I'll share I'm also an atheist and I actually ran a website. [1:33:39] called atheistspot.com. It was like a Reddit for atheist news. I went to conferences. What is the news? We didn't see God again today. [1:33:47] Still no God to be found.

[1:33:53] Yep. The funniest thing is we had Google AdWords on there, and the ads were based on the stories around different religions, and it says all like, ChristianMingle.com, the AtheistSpot.com. Anyway, Gina... [1:34:07] We covered so much ground. What an amazing episode. I learned a ton from you. I'm so excited for people to hear this. [1:34:12] Two final questions. Where can folks find me online if they want to reach out? And how can listeners be useful to you? Yes. Okay. Thanks, Lenny. So people can find me online. If you want to see just ridiculous posts, that's where my Instagram is. And my Instagram is impressive because I'm Gina on Instagram. Yes, I am just Gina. Wow. So that's super impressive. You won't even find it when you look for me because you'll see all these other Ginas, but it's just Gina. That's me. I do share some professional things as well. [1:34:39] There too, but I think it's my more entertaining channel. You can find me on LinkedIn. I'm a little more serious on LinkedIn. I have a photo with Obama, which will certainly impress you. So find me Gina Gotthilv on LinkedIn. So many stories. I know. I'm Gina G on Twitter. And that's probably... You know what? I did a Harry Stebbings podcast and then that got me 600 followers on TikTok. But I've never... [1:35:00] posted, but maybe at some point. I'm just... [1:35:03] I feel self-conscious, but I think I could be a good TikToker because I think I'm amusing. Well, you're not going to get followers by saying there's nothing good there. I think if you want people to follow you, you should tell them there's going to be great stuff there. Come here and see my amazing content on Tik Tok. I will definitely start posting it soon and you can influence what kind of content will be there because I'm listening to my followers right now. And then how you can be useful. Look, if you...

[1:35:28] If you know of an amazing founder in Latin America, if you are an amazing founder in Latin America, [1:35:33] or if you are in touch with VCs who are interested in this, then definitely tell them about Latitude. You go to Latitude.com. Do not misspell Latitude. It doesn't have an E at the end. That's because Latitude in Spanish is Latitude. However, it's also because we couldn't buy Latitude.com with an E. But now that's what it is and it's grown a ton. So get in touch, join the fellowship, join our community. We're particularly useful, by the way, to U.S. [1:36:00] people who are interested in getting plugged into Latin America, because you if you get in, you just meet all the top people in one in one fell swoop. And that helps you make friends. [1:36:09] relationships, find clients, find your business partners, and understand the ecosystem in a hacky way. So, [1:36:16] Amazing. Gina, thank you so much for being here. Bye, everyone. [1:36:20] Goodbye, everyone.